Abstract The aim of this work was to propose a latent equation model that structures the relationship between academic engagement, schadenfreude and prosocial behavior on the school climate. We used a cross-sectional design and 437 secondary students from Chile were recruited. School Climate Scale, Engagement UWES-S 9, School Prosocial Behavior Inventory and Schadenfreude scale were administered. Factor analysis, reliability test, correlation analysis and structural equation modeling were performed to analysis data. After fitting two models for our data and contrasting them with theoretical literature, we found that school climate was affected directly by school engagement and prosocial behavior. Academic engagement positive affects, direct and indirectly, the school climate. An increase in academic engagement also lowers the levels of schadenfreude and causes an increase in the levels of prosocial behaviour. Results are discussed and possible implications are highlighted, considering limitations and suggestions that might guide practical interventions on school climate.

Résumé L’objectif de ce travail était de proposer un modèle d’équation latente qui structure la relation entre l’engagement scolaire, la schadenfreude et le comportement prosocial sur le climat scolaire. Le travail a été réalisé en suivant une méthodologie quantitative basée sur un modèle transversal-transectionnel et un échantillonnage non probabiliste de 437 lycéens (Chili). On a appliqué les échelles de Climat scolaire, l’Engagement UWES-S 9, l’Inventaire de comportements pro-sociaux dans le contexte scolaire et la Schadenfreude scale. On a réalisé une analyse factorielle et une analyse de fiabilité des instruments appliqués, calculé les corrélations de Pearson et les équations structurelles. Après avoir adapté deux modèles aux données obtenues et les avoir confrontés à la littérature théorique, on a trouvé que l’engagement académique affecte toutes les variables. L’engagement académique affecte positivement, directement et indirectement, le climat scolaire. Une augmentation de l’engagement scolaire abaisse également les niveaux de schadenfreude et provoque une augmentation des niveaux de comportement pro-social. On discute ensuite les implications de ces résultats, leurs limites et on propose quelques idées susceptibles d’orienter la recherche et l’intervention concernant le climat scolaire.

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue proponer un modelo de ecuaciones latentes que estructure la relación entre engagement académico, schadenfreude y comportamiento prosocial sobre el clima escolar. Se trabajó con una metodología cuantitativa en base a un diseño transversal-transeccional y un muestreo no probabilístico de 437 estudiantes de educación secundaria en Chile. Se realizó análisis factorial y de confiabilidad de los instrumentos aplicados, correlaciones de Pearson y ecuaciones estructurales. Después de ajustar dos modelos para los datos y contrastarlos con la literatura teórica, se encontró que el engagement académico afecta a todas las variables. El engagement académico afecta de manera positiva, directa e indirectamente al clima escolar. Un aumento del engagement académico también disminuye los niveles de schadenfreude y provoca un incremento de los niveles del comportamiento prosocial. Se discute sobre las implicancias de estos hallazgos, sus limitaciones y se proponen sugerencias que podrían orientar el estudio e intervención del clima escolar.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi propor um modelo de equação latente que estrutura a relação entre engajamento acadêmico, fraude e comportamento pró-social no clima escolar. Foi usado metodologia quantitativa baseada em um desenho transversal e uma amostra não probabilística de 437 estudantes do ensino médio (Chile). As escalas de Clima Escolar, Engagement UWES-S 9, Inventário de comportamentos pró-sociais no contexto escolar e Schadenfreude scale foram aplicadas. Análise fatorial e de confiabilidade dos instrumentos aplicados, correlações de Pearson e equações estruturais foram realizadas. Após ajustar dois modelos para os nossos dados e contrastá-los com a literatura teórica, constatou-se que o engagement acadêmico afeta todas as variáveis. O engajamento acadêmico afeta positivamente, direta e indiretamente, o clima escolar. Um aumento no engajamento acadêmico também reduz os níveis de schadenfreude e causa um aumento nos níveis de comportamento pró-social. As implicações desses achados, suas limitações e sugestões que podem orientar o estudo e a intervenção do clima escolar são discutidas.

Abstract: The increase in extreme events caused by climate change carries the need of building coping capacities and empowerment among susceptible and exposed communities before these risky episodes. The aim of the present study was to clarify the relationship between collective active coping strategies and post-traumatic growing, considering empowerment as a possible mediator. Using a purposive non-probabilistic sampling, 324 households affected by a climatologic disaster in Copiapó (Chile) were surveyed, assessing their coping capacities, empowerment, their impact-of-the-event perceptions, and reassessment of positive changes. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, multiple regression analysis, and simple mediation analysis were performed. Results indicate that active coping capacities correlated directly with post-traumatic community growth, and this association was partially mediated by empowerment according to a path analysis with bootstrapping method. This research contributes to better understanding adaptive coping strategies, particularly focusing on disaster events as potential opportunities for development and wellbeing within specific empowering contexts. In addition, we propose that it is necessary to critically examine current models of community resilience against socionatural disasters.

Resumen: El incremento de eventos extremos a causa del cambio climático ha conllevado la necesidad de fortalecer las capacidades de afrontamiento y empoderamiento de las comunidades expuestas-susceptibles a estos riesgos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue esclarecer la relación entre las estrategias colectivas de afrontamiento activo y el crecimiento postraumático comunitario, considerando como posible mediador el empoderamiento. Por medio de un muestreo intencionado no probabilístico se encuestó a 324 hogares afectados por un desastre climatológico en Copiapó, Chile, a los cuales se midió en capacidades de afrontamiento, empoderamiento, percepción de impacto al evento y reevaluación de cambios positivos. Para el análisis de datos, se utilizó estadísticas descriptivas, correlación de Pearson, regresión lineal múltiple y análisis de mediación simple. Los resultados indican que las capacidades activas de afrontamiento correlacionaron directamente con el crecimiento postraumático y que esta relación estuvo mediada parcialmente, de acuerdo con un modelo de análisis de rutas con bootstrapping, por el empoderamiento. La investigación contribuye a la profundización de las capacidades adaptativas de afrontamiento, sugiriendo que estos eventos pueden conllevar oportunidades de desarrollo y bienestar bajo contextos empoderadores. También propone la necesidad de operacionalizar y complejizar los modelos existentes de resiliencia comunitaria ante desastres socionaturales.

Abstract Background: We are facing a global crisis that threatens the survival of the planet. Although during the last decades a set of measures have been suggested to tackle this global crisis, results have not been auspicious. State of the art: Given the important role of professionals in modern societies, in this work it is argued that a systematic development of professional identity during the initial training is key for sustainable development. It is proposed that this professional identity could be built based on the following dimensions: (a) integration of subjective, professional, and scientific knowledge, (b) creativity to address current and future problems, (c) prosociality, and (d) ecology. The objective of this work is to support such urgency in order to respond to the global crisis and provide suggestions that guide the systematic development of professional identity during the initial training based on these dimensions. Conclusions: From the review of scientific literature, the need to systematically form the professional identity based on the aforementioned dimensions is argued, and suggestions are provided in this regard.

Resumen Antecedentes: nos encontramos ante una crisis global que amenaza la subsistencia del planeta. Aunque durante las últimas décadas se han propuesto un conjunto de medidas para enfrentar esta crisis global, los resultados no han sido auspiciosos. Estado del arte: dado el importante rol de los profesionales en la sociedad, en este trabajo se argumenta que un desarrollo sistemático de la identidad profesional en la formación inicial es clave para el desarrollo sustentable. Se propone que esta identidad profesional podría construirse en base a las dimensiones (a) integración de saberes subjetivos, profesionales y científicos, (b) creatividad para abordar los problemas actuales y futuros, (c) prosocial y (d) ecológica. El objetivo de este trabajo es sustentar la urgencia de lo mencionado para dar respuesta a la crisis global y proporcionar sugerencias que orienten el desarrollo sistemático de la identidad profesional durante la formación inicial, en base a estas dimensiones. Conclusiones: a partir de la literatura científica, se argumenta la necesidad de formar sistemáticamente la identidad profesional en base a estas dimensiones, proporcionando sugerencias al respecto.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever e interpretar as teorias subjetivas (TS) da convivência escolar (CE), de um grupo de pais e mães de uma escola de educação primária chilena. Uma amostragem teórica foi utilizada e se aplicaram grupos de discussão e entrevistas episódicas em 16 pais e mães de uma escola de educação primária. Os dados foram analisados através da técnica da teoria fundamentada (Grounded Theory), encontrando: (a) teorias subjetivas simples, mas que proporcionam aos pais educar seus filhos na convivência; (b) fatores associados à CE e propostas de melhoria; (c) além de um papel educativo dos pais que se organiza em três níveis para ensinar seus filhos a conviver na escola. Na discussão é analisada a implicação das teorias subjetivas na convivência escolar e no papel parental.

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to describe and to interpret subjective theories about school coexistence in a group of parents from a Chilean primary school. A theoretical sample was used, group discussions and episodic interviews were conducted to 16 parents from a primary school. Data was analyzed through grounded theory, finding (a) simple subjective theories lead parents to raise their children on an environment-based approach; (b) associated factors with school coexistence environment and emerging proposals to improve them; (c) as well as a schooling parental role that it organizes around three levels of climate schooling teaching. In the discussion section, we analyze implications of these subjective theories into schooling environment and parental role.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir e interpretar las TS de la convivencia escolar, de un grupo de padres y madres de una escuela de educación primaria chilena. Se utilizó un muestreo teórico y se aplicaron grupos de discusión y entrevistas episódicas a 16 padres y madres de una escuela de educación primaria. Los datos se analizaron mediante la técnica de la teoría fundamentada, encontrando (a) teorías subjetivas simples, pero que disponen a los padres a educar a sus hijos en convivencia; (b) factores asociados a la CE y propuestas para su mejora, (c) además de un rol parental educativo que se organiza en tres niveles para enseñar a sus hijos a convivir en la escuela. En la discusión se analiza la implicancia de estas teorías subjetivas en la convivencia escolar y el rol parental.

The aim of this work was to conduct a systematic review on psychological behavior in the context of pandemic scenarios during the twenty-first century. We focused on empirical works and brief case reports of H1N1 flu and COVID-19. Our review included 32 papers published both in English or Spanish. We built a set of tables that allowed us to classify the information in four main categories, namely the psychological impact of the pandemic, whether people follow or not official measures to protect themselves against the pandemic, psychological adherence considerations implied as mediators to respect official strategies, and relevant methodological characteristics of the pandemic research. Results show that there are significant impacts on the psychological behavior of people, social groups and organizations in several dimensions, namely emotion, cognition, behavior, mental health, organization and psychosocial factors. In addition, we found that certain social groups experienced a critical psychosocial impact likely due to the pandemic. Psychosocial factors affecting adherence were also identified, which allow us to better understand how health strategies are followed by the population. Different psychosocial suggestions, which emerged from the papers reviewed, were systematized and should be considered as possible pandemic strategies to be implemented.

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between professional identity, university student identity, academic self-efficacy, professional self-efficacy, credits taken and difficulty perceived in the career, in traditional and non-traditional psychology students. We used a cross-sectional design and a non-probabilistic sample of 136 psychology students from a public university in the north of Chile. Four scales and a sociodemographic survey were used. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and path analysis were performed. Results showed significant differences in the academic and professional self-efficacy grouped into traditional and non-traditional students and a model that predicts professional identity based on the variables of university student identity, academic self-efficacy, professional self-efficacy, credits taken and perceived difficulty in the career (R 2 = .24). Outcomes are discussed according to the existing literature.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la relación entre identidad profesional, identidad estudiantil universitaria, autoeficacia académica, autoeficacia profesional, créditos cursados y dificultad percibida ante la carrera, en estudiantes de psicología tradicionales y no tradicionales. Se utilizó un diseño transversal y un muestreo no probabilístico de 136 estudiantes de psicología de una universidad pública del norte chileno. Se aplicaron cuatro escalas y una encuesta sociodemográfica. Se realizó estadística descriptiva, análisis de correlación de Pearson, análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y análisis de senderos. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la autoeficacia académica y profesional de estudiantes tradicionales y no tradicionales, y un modelo que predice la identidad profesional a partir de las variables identidad estudiantil universitaria, autoeficacia académica, autoeficacia profesional, créditos cursados y dificultad percibida ante la carrera (R 2 = .24). Los resultados se discuten en función de la literatura existente.

En el presente estudio se describe la calidad de vida laboral y su relación con el clima organizacional, la satisfacción laboral y el engagement en funcionarios de organizaciones públicas de salud de la ciudad de Arica, Chile. Participaron 142 sujetos de ambos sexos. Se utilizaron el Inventario de Calidad de Vida Laboral, el Inventario de Clima Organizacional, el Cuestionario de Satisfacción Laboral S21/26 y el Cuestionario de Engagement. Los resultados muestran una relación significativa entre la calidad de vida laboral y las variables organizacionales medidas, observando la presencia de diferencias significativas en función del estamento administrativo de los funcionarios. Conjuntamente, se encontró que la variable engagement modula la relación entre la calidad de vida laboral, clima organizacional y satisfacción laboral. Estos resultados evidencian la asociación entre las variables organizacionales e interpersonales que confluyen en el ámbito laboral con las valoraciones subjetivas que los sujetos construyen sobre las características de su entorno de trabajo, modulando su implicación y productividad.

We describe the Quality of Working Life and its relationship with the Organizational Climate, Job Satisfaction and Engagement in officials of public health organization in the city of Arica, Chile. 142 adult subjects of both sexes. We used the Inventory of Quality of Work Life, Organizational Climate Inventory, Job Satisfaction Questionnaire S21/26, and Engagement Questionnaire. The results show a significant relationship between the quality of working life and organizational variables measures, noting the presence of significant differences in the Quality of Working Life in terms of establishment of civil administration. Jointly, we found that the variable Engagement modulates the relation between Quality of Working Life, organizational climate and job satisfaction. These results demonstrate the association between organizational and interpersonal variables that come together in the workplace, with subjective assessments that subjects build on the characteristics of their work environment, modulating their involvement and productivity.